Causal effect of interstitial lung disease on lung cancer risk in never-smokers and prognostic insights from Mendelian randomization and transcriptome analysis

This study suggested that ILD may have a positive causal effect on LCINS, with the ILD risk score serving as an effective predictor of the prognoses in LCINS patients. It is associated with tumor proliferation and the activation of metabolism-related signaling pathways. These findings also indicate that ILD may contribute to the occurrence and progression of LCINS through its influence on immune cell infiltration.