Modeling the role of supporting infrastructure, concerns, beliefs, risk factors, and perceived safety on pedestrians’ walking tendency

The results from the SEM and OLR models the presence of risk factors like suspicious individuals and poor lighting can deter walking, especially among older individuals. Nonetheless, findings underscore the importance of comprehensive safety measures and well-maintained infrastructure to promote walking and enhance pedestrian safety in urban environments. Urban planners and policymakers are encouraged to prioritize these factors to create safer, more inclusive urban spaces conducive to walking as a mode of transportation.