Epidemiological Profile of Macroangiopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients at the National Reference University Hospital: Predictive Factors

The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors related to diabetic macroangiopathy. This was a cross-sectional study with a descriptive and analytical aim over a period of six (06) months from January 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023 including 100 patients with type 2 diabetes with or without complications received in consultation and/or hospitalized in the cardiology and diabetology department of the National Reference University Hospital Center. The patients benefited from a meticulous questioning, a complete somatic examination and a biological assessment including in particular the dosage of dyslipidemia. The 100 subjects included in this study were categorized into group 1 with complications (n = 48) and group 2 without complications (n = 52). The prevalence of macroangiopathy was 48%. The mean age of the patients was 62.21 years for group 1 versus 61.94 years for group 2. The male sex was predominant in both groups with the overall sex ratio of 1.85 or 2.4 for group 1 versus 1.5 for group 2. The mean waist circumference was 100.13 ± 11.5 for group 1 versus 90.12 ± 8.7 for group 2. The mean fasting blood glucose was 2.9 ± 0.6 in group 1 versus 2.2 ± 0.32 for group 2. High blood pressure and smoking were predominant in group 1. The mean glycated hemoglobin was 9.6 ± 1.7 for group 1 versus 7.4 ± 0.6 for group 2. Most patients in group 1 were not undergoing medical monitoring of their diabetes and were on insulin, unlike subjects in group 2 who were on oral antidiabetics and were adhering to medical monitoring. Prevention of macroangiopathy in type 2 diabetic patients involves early screening of blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin and all cardiovascular risk factors.