Paleomagnetic dating and geological significance of the Uragen Zn–Pb deposit, Xinjiang, NW China

The graphical abstract illustrates the paleomagnetic dating results of the Uragen Zn-Pb deposit, identifying magnetite and hematite as primary carriers of magnetization. The determined mineralization age is 47.5±3.5 Ma, suggesting potential influence from the Indian and Eurasian plates collision. • Over 400 samples were collected from 23 sites for analysis. • Magnetite and hematite identified as primary carriers of magnetization. • Mineralization age of the Uragen Zn-Pb deposit determined to be 47.5 ± 3.5 Ma. • The deposit may have been influenced by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates. • Activation and migration of fluids in Kashi Sag led to ore deposits. The Uragen Zn–Pb deposit, situated in the northwestern margin of Xinjiang’s Tarim Basin, China, resides within a geological setting shaped by a myriad tectonic movements since the Mesozoic era. This complex history has complicated the depositional environment of the Uragen Zn–Pb deposit, fueling ongoing debate surrounding its mineralization mechanisms and age. Consequently, an in–depth investigation into rock magnetism and paleomagnetism has become imperative. This study collected over four hundred samples from 23 distinct sites for magnetic analysis. Rock magnetism experiments identified magnetite and hematite as the primary carriers of magnetization. Paleomagnetic analysis, employing thermal and alternating demagnetization techniques, successfully isolated stable characteristic remanent magnetism (CHRM), yielding paleopoles situated at 81.7°N latitude and 131.0°E longitude, with dp = 4.6 and dm = 5.9. The age of the mineralizing event was determined to be 47.5 ± 3.5 Ma. Based on these new data, we suggest that the Uragen Zn–Pb deposit may have formed in response to the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates, triggering an orogeny within the Tarim Basin. Subsequent activation and migration of fluids in the Kashi Sag, coupled with thermal or hydro–chemical interactions between ore–forming fluids in the Lower Cretaceous Kezilesu Group and protoliths, culminated in the deposition of mineralization, giving rise to the observed ore deposit.