From training to action: how entrepreneurial intentions and intrapreneurial behaviour cause cognitive dissonance under opportunity constraints

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between entrepreneurial training (ET), entrepreneurial intentions (EIs) and intrapreneurial behaviour (IB), with a focus on how cognitive dissonance rises due to opportunity constraints. By integrating cognitive dissonance theory with entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial frameworks, the research aims to provide a deeper understanding of the psychological and environmental factors that influence the effectiveness of ET. Design/methodology/approach This study employs a conceptual framework based on a literature review and theoretical analysis. It synthesises existing research on ET, cognitive dissonance and opportunity constraints to develop propositions. The study combines qualitative insights with theoretical modelling to explore the interplay between training, intentions and behaviour. Findings The study claims that ET enhances EIs and IB but can lead to cognitive dissonance when opportunities are limited. Entrepreneurial opportunity constraints are proposed to significantly moderate the effectiveness of training. Practical implications The study suggests that ET programmes should address potential cognitive dissonance and include strategies for creating supportive environments that improve entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial outcomes. To enhance innovation, policymakers should foster supportive ecosystems and organisations should align resources with intrapreneurial goals. These insights can help optimise training effectiveness and support entrepreneurial success. Originality/value This study uniquely integrates cognitive dissonance theory with ET frameworks, offering novel insights into how opportunity constraints affect entrepreneurial outcomes. It provides a fresh perspective on the psychological and environmental factors influencing training effectiveness, contributing valuable theoretical and practical guidance for enhancing entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship.