Correlation Study of Knee and Ankle Proprioception And Strength with Squat Performance

BACKGROUND Knee injuries are common in both athletic and non-athletic populations, often resulting from impaired neuromuscular control, proprioception deficits, and muscle weakness. Proprioception, defined as the ability to sense joint position and movement, is crucial for maintaining stability and reducing injury risk. The knee and ankle joints function synergistically in weight-bearing activities, making it essential to assess their proprioception and strength in relation to injury risk. While muscular strength provides stability, proprioception enables precise movement control and reflexive joint stabilization. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between knee and ankle proprioception, strength, and knee injury risk as determined by a squat test. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the correlation of knee and ankle proprioception and strength with squat performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 30 participants were assessed for knee proprioception and ankle proprioception (joint position sense). Strength was measured using a push-pull dynamometer for knee extension and ankle plantar flexion. Squat performance was evaluated using a squat test. STASTISTICAL ANALYSIS Proprioception, strength, and squat test scores were compared by employing Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Statistical importance had been assessed at p <0.05 (significance level). RESULTS The findings demonstrated a negative relationship between squat performance and knee and ankle proprioception, suggesting that a decrease in proprioception (a drop in the proprioception value) was associated with a decrease in squat efficiency. In contrast, knee strength and ankle strength were positively correlated with squat performance, suggesting that greater strength improves squat ability. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that while proprioception is essential for joint control, excessive reliance on it may reduce squat efficiency. On the other hand, greater lower limb strength enhances squat performance. This study provides useful insights for training and rehabilitation programs focused on improving lower limb function.