Current Approaches for Assessments of Neutralizing, Binding, and Effector Functions of Antibodies on the Path to Antibody-Mediated Prevention Strategies for HIV-1

Robust assay technologies and reference reagents are essential components in efforts to develop safe and effective antibody-mediated prevention strategies for HIV-1. Here, we de-scribe current approaches used to conduct standardized assessments of neutralizing, binding, and Fc receptor-mediated effector functions of vaccine-elicited antibodies, with an emphasis on recent developments that enable early precursors and intermediates of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to be monitored. We also describe how these assay technologies were adapted to facili-tate clinical evaluations of passively delivered bnAbs for HIV-1 prevention.