Wearable biosensors: an aid for cattle well-being

Purpose The purpose of this study was to gather data regarding cattle wearable wireless sensor systems (WWSS) and to provide a thorough literature analysis on the reliability of these systems’ physiological parameter predictions. The WWSS was divided into types that were vaginally mounted, tail-mounted, rumen bolus, leg tags, halters, neck collars and ear tags. Design/methodology/approach Data was gathered via an online Google search followed by a careful manual curation of the data. Several WWSSs were on the market, and most sensors had an accelerometer. The literature assessing the performance of the WWSS was gathered using a Scopus keyword search. Findings The WWSS is essential for providing physiological and behavioral data to every individual. This study analyzed the broadest range of sensor system types currently on the market and summarized comprehensive data about them. With a few exceptions (drinking time and walking time), most produce great performance regarding cattle’s behavioral and physiological characteristics (e.g. eating, ruminating, laying and standing). Originality/value To monitor the state of cattle health in real time and without delay, it is necessary to combine all available sensors and develop an effective online monitoring system. To detect various infectious diseases in cattle, this review paper explores the range of wearable technologies for cattle, nano biosensors and advanced molecular biology diagnostic techniques. It also compares and contrasts these technologies based on their benefits and drawbacks in cattle health management. To offer insight into the best strategy to be used from now on for improved cattle welfare, this study takes into account all current advancements regarding the field of biosensors and their applications for cattle health.