Equity in access to ecosystem services among riparian residents in Greater Kumasi, Ghana

Riverine ecosystem services play a crucial role in urban environments, yet riparian communities often face inequitable access to essential benefits such as riparian vegetation, green spaces, and environmental services, including water supply, erosion control, water regulation, and recreational opportunities. This disparity significantly affects the well-being of residents who rely on riverine ecosystems for their livelihoods and daily needs. This study examines three riparian communities in Greater Kumasi, Ghana, to investigate the benefits and access to river ecosystems and the socio-ecological factors contributing to inequitable access. A total of 150 residents’ interviews and observations were conducted. Descriptive and inferential analyses revealed that only 6%, 14%, and 21% of residents in Oforikrom, Ahinsan, and Sepe, respectively, had access to riverine services. The findings further indicate that water supply, water regulation, and climate regulation are the primary ecosystem services residents benefit from. Additionally, four major factors were identified as influencing inequitable access to and distribution of riverine ecosystem services: river pollution, land ownership, proximity, and urban planning and policy. This study highlights the need for riparian residents to recognize the value of river ecosystem services and urges urban authorities to integrate these benefits into development policies and planning to promote equitable access. Enforcing river management regulations to prevent pollution and improve access to clean water for consumption is also essential.