International experience in combating domestic violence

The problem of domestic violence is a global social phenomenon that requires a comprehensive approach to overcome. In Ukraine, in recent years, legislation and mechanisms for supporting victims of violence have been actively improved, but the problem remains relevant, and the country continues to look for effective ways to combat this phenomenon. The article examines international practices in combating domestic violence, in particular in Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden. In Italy, an important role is played by a large-scale system of crisis centers that provide psychological, legal and social support to victims. The Netherlands uses an integrated approach to preventing violence, combining legislative initiatives, the work of social services, law enforcement agencies and public organizations. One of the important initiatives is the participation of aggressors in specialized correctional programs that help change their behavior and ensure their reintegration into society. Spain is known for its system of specialized courts that deal with cases of gender-based violence, which allows for the prompt and professional consideration of such cases. An important feature is the presence of multidisciplinary courts, which employ specialists from different fields, which ensures a comprehensive approach to each case. Sweden, in turn, is distinguished by the strictest laws against violence, including the criminalization of economic violence, as well as special attention to children who have witnessed violence and provides them with psychological support. The article proposes adapting these international practices to Ukrainian realities, in particular through the implementation of educational programs in schools, the creation of sensory rooms for children, and strengthening legislative initiatives to ensure adequate support for victims. A study of international experience reveals the importance of a comprehensive approach, which includes not only legislative initiatives, but also the active participation of public organizations, educational institutions, and social services in solving this problem. By adopting best practices, Ukraine can significantly increase the effectiveness of the fight against domestic violence by providing comprehensive assistance to victims, working with aggressors, and creating a safe environment for all citizens.