Holistic lifestyle management of polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects up to 13% of women of reproductive age and presents a complex interplay of reproductive, metabolic and psychological challenges. Diagnosing PCOS involves identifying two of three features: polycystic ovaries, irregular ovulation and signs of hyperandrogenism. Insulin resistance (IR) exacerbates symptoms, with both lean and overweight women experiencing it, though it is more pronounced in those who are obese. Effective management of PCOS emphasises lifestyle interventions, including diet and physical activity. The current evidence-based guidelines suggest a balanced approach to diet and recommend weight loss and increased physical activity to improve metabolic and reproductive outcomes. Traditional dietary practices, including those rich in whole grains and legumes, along with modern strategies like low glycaemic index diets, have shown promise in managing PCOS symptoms. Similarly, physical activity, including a mix of aerobic and resistance exercises, improves metabolic health and symptom management. Emerging evidence also highlights the potential benefits of vitamins, supplements and minerals, such as Vitamin D, B-group vitamins and magnesium, in managing PCOS. Despite limited evidence on some non-pharmacological treatments, holistic care, integrating traditional and complementary approaches, is essential for optimising patient outcomes. This paper aims to offer a comprehensive overview of these lifestyle strategies, integrating emerging evidence with existing guidelines to enhance PCOS management and improve overall patient well-being.