Cyber security: current challenges and international legal framework for data protection

The article is devoted to the study of the concept and characteristics of cybersecurity as a multidimensional reality of the modern information world, key challenges and the main international legal framework for data protection. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of political, security, economic, legal, social, technological, psychological and cultural aspects, which in general have a significant impact on the evolution of general and specific problems arising in the field of cybersecurity. With the increasing number of attacks, cybersecurity is becoming essential for global stability, which requires international cooperation, strategic investment and collective efforts to combat these threats. The author proves that the emergence of sophisticated cyber threats in the modern world and the problem of data privacy have prompted many countries to develop appropriate legal frameworks to regulate data protection and cyberspace security. The author emphasises that solving international cybersecurity and data protection problems requires a combination of cooperation between States, strengthening of technical and legal capabilities, and formation of a global cybersecurity culture. It is analysed that one of the most important milestones in this regard is the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime, which aims to harmonise national legislation and strengthen international cooperation in the fight against cybercrime. Today, the EU plays a leading role in promoting data protection standards through the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). It is argued that although the progress in this direction is cause for some optimism, much work remains to be done to ensure a secure cyberspace. It is emphasised that continued cooperation between governments, business and civil society will be crucial to address this common challenge and protect our rights in the digital world. It is emphasised that the main thing in the context of escalating cyber threats, in particular in the context of armed conflicts, is to create a harmonised international legal framework for regulating cybersecurity and data protection.