MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR CALCULATING BREAKING ENERGY OF COMPONENT YARNS IN DUAL-SHEATH SINGLE-CORE HYBRID YARN

The increasing utilization of multicomponent hybrid yarns in present world highlights their critical role in advancing protective textile technologies. In this study, hybrid yarns with dual sheath and a single core were produced in varying linear densities and twist directions where polyester and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (HPPE) were considered as the sheath components and stainless steel (SS)/glass yarn was taken as core component. The failure pattern and energy required for breakage of hybrid yarn were analyzed, showing that glass-core yarns exhibited multiple cracking tendency, while (SS)-core yarns rarely did. This was attributed to the lower breaking extension % of glass fibers (3.61%-3.81%) compared to SS (18.52%-28.05%), HPPE (5.20%-6.21%), and polyester (17.05%). Glass-core yarns reached their breaking extension earlier, leading to premature breakage. A mathematical model developed from load-extension curves demonstrated that HPPE contributed the most to breaking energy (68.67%), followed by polyester (18.49%) and glass (10.92%). The average absolute error of the model was calculated as 4.87% that led to average ~95% accuracy. The reason for this error was the assumptions about HPPE breakage that were considered during modeling. These findings support researchers in identifying high-performance yarns suitable for cut, stab, and slash-resistant fabrics, ensuring compliance with energy failure standards and allied industrial practices.