Phytochemical profiling and FTIR-based analysis of aqueous extracts of the Unani blueberry formulation

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a global health concern, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage. This study investigates the potential of phytochemical-rich Unani formulation blueberry extracts in maintaining blood pressure and improving heart health by analyzing the phytochemical profile and FTIR spectra of the blueberry formulation. A variety of bioactive compounds were detected like inorganic ions such as chlorides, nitrates, acetates, phosphates, boron, iodine, fluorides, oxalates, calcium, barium, strontium, lead, magnesium, cadmium, zinc, iron, manganese, chromium, copper, and potassium. FTIR spectroscopy identified key absorption peaks at 612.64, 633.25, 702.68, 757.44, 855.25, 929.55, 990.91, 1076.32, 1147.29, 1339.05, 1455.09, 2916.93, 3222.46, 3276.09, 3543.98, and 3741.85 cm-¹, indicating the presence of various compounds such as halogenated compounds, aromatic compounds, unsaturated alkenes, ethers, esters, carboxylic acids, phenols, primary amines, and secondary amines. Notably, peaks at 1339.05 cm-¹ and 1455.09 cm-¹ correspond to phenols and flavonoids, 929.55 cm-¹ to 990.91 cm-¹ suggest the presence of alkaloids, 612.64 cm-¹ to 633.25 cm-¹ indicate terpenoids and 1076.32 cm-¹ to 1147.29 cm-¹ hint at polysaccharides. The peak at 2916.93 cm-¹ is associated with fatty acids. The combination of phytochemical screening and FTIR spectroscopy provided detailed insights into the molecular structure and composition of the blueberry capsules. The results of this study confirmed that the blueberry formulation is rich in various secondary metabolites and has numerous health benefits, especially in controlling hypertension and promoting cardiovascular well-being.