Langerhans cell histiocytosis in an adult patient with upper jaw and pulmonary involvement: A case report

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is characterized by proliferative histiocyte-like cells. LCH lesions exhibit diverse and nonspecific clinical features, often leading to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Primary LCH lesions in the oral cavity remain rare. We report a case of a 27-year-old man with rare adult-onset LCH presenting with progressive mobility of the posterior teeth. The patient experienced increasing tooth mobility and subsequent loss in the upper and lower jaw despite undergoing periodontal treatment. A biopsy of oral mucosal tissue confirmed the Langerhans cell origin. High-resolution computed tomography imaging revealed pulmonary involvement. After undergoing systemic chemotherapy with prednisolone, vinblastine, and etoposide, the patient exhibited favourable follow-up outcomes. This case underscores the value of early diagnosis to prevent disease progression and highlights the need for dentists to be aware of LCH.