Brazil’s experiment to expand its medical workforce through private and public schools: Impacts and consequences of the balance of regulatory and market forces in resource-scarce settings

We conclude that Brazil's policy approach has delivered a substantial overhaul of its medical workforce through a combination of public and private sector policies. However, progress in students' diversity and quality of education has been mixed. Brazil's experiment suggests that private schools can be an option for rapid health workforce expansions in middle-income economies. However, close monitoring of their outputs would be needed, as our analysis shows they do little to address inequalities, and casts doubt on the quality of the training offered.