ABS Nanocomposites for Advanced Technical and Biomedical Applications

This study investigated the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)-based nanocomposites reinforced with different types and concentrations of nanofillers. The uniaxial tensile testing results indicated that Young's modulus (<i>E</i>) generally decreased with increasing filler content, except at 0.500 w.% filler concentration, where a slight increase in stiffness was observed. A statistically significant interaction between sample type and filler concentration was identified (<i>p</i> = 0.045). Fracture toughness measurements revealed a significant reduction in impact resistance at 1.000 w.% filler concentration, with values dropping by up to 67% compared with neat acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. Dynamic mechanical vibration testing confirmed a decrease in stiffness, as evidenced by a shift of the first resonance frequency (<i>f_R</i>₁) to lower values. Hardness measurements including indentation and Shore D hardness exhibited an increasing trend with rising filler concentration, with statistically significant differences observed at specific concentration levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that nanofillers were well dispersed at lower concentrations, but agglomeration began above 0.500 w.%, resulting in void formation and a noticeable decline in mechanical properties. The results suggest that an optimal filler concentration range of 0.250-0.500 w.% offers an ideal balance between enhanced mechanical properties and material integrity.