Cultivating trust: public perception of RNAi technologies in agriculture

Abstract RNA interference (RNAi) technology is emerging as a promising avenue for developing innovative agrochemicals to enhance crop protection and reduce reliance on chemical pesticides. However, public acceptance of RNAi in agriculture faces challenges, particularly in Europe, due to strict regulations and societal hesitation toward biotechnological advancements. This study examines the factors influencing opposition to RNAi in agriculture by comparing expert and public views in Italy, focusing on trust in science and scientific literacy as key drivers of acceptance. Findings reveal that experts exhibit significantly lower opposition to RNAi, primarily due to higher trust in science rather than superior scientific literacy. Furthermore, positive attitudes toward RNA-based technologies applied in other fields, such as human health, correlate with reduced opposition to RNAi in agriculture, suggesting a belief transfer across technological domains. These results indicate that trust, rather than knowledge, may play a more pivotal role in shaping public acceptance of RNAi, challenging the traditional knowledge deficit model. Policymakers should prioritise building trust and fostering transparent communication to mitigate scepticism regarding other technologies and emphasise RNAi’s unique benefits, thereby encouraging public support for emerging biotechnologies.