Research on Optimal Charge Structure Selection and Active Control Methods for Subgrade Bench Blasting Based on Multi‐Objective Optimization

ABSTRACT To reduce the peak vibration velocity (PPV) of subgrade bench blasting vibration, the control variable method was used to analyze the blasting effect of different charging methods. Initially, the control variable method was used to evaluate the blasting performance of different charge structures. Subsequent numerical simulations determined the optimal borehole spacing (2.5 m) and row spacing (2 m) to maximize the efficiency of explosion energy utilization. The parameters of the interval charge were further optimized, and the waveform analysis based on MATLAB was used to analyze the vibration interference components. The main research results reveal three key insights: First, compared with the continuous charge, the interval charge has lower PPV and better rock crushing effect. Secondly, the nuclear density estimation analysis intuitively confirms the obvious wave superposition phenomenon in the continuous charge detonation. Third, field verification confirms the simulation results, indicating that the timing start sequence with inter‐hole (32 ms) and inter‐row (87 ms) delays achieves the best vibration suppression.