Overview of Carbon Emission Source Analysis and Measurement Methods in Energy-Consuming Parks

High-energy-consuming parks, as the largest carbon emission sources in China, face challenges in their carbon accounting systems, including methodological diversity, ambiguous characteristics, and unclear emission baselines, which severely constrain the formulation of carbon emission reduction pathways. Concurrently, carbon measurement methodologies are susceptible to human factors. This paper systematically examines park typologies, boundaries, measurement scopes, and carbon emission characteristics, while reviewing existing carbon accounting methodologies along with their limitations. The study concludes by outlining practical implementation challenges of measurement technologies in high-energy-consuming parks, while envisioning next-generation measurement approaches integrating satellite data and AI technologies. A comparison with existing measurement methods can be made to verify the accuracy and provide a reference for promoting the low-carbon transformation of high-energy-consuming parks.