Industry perceptions of employability skills for agricultural graduates in the fourth industrial revolution

Orientation: Graduate unemployment remains a pressing economic challenge across Africa. The rapid advancements in technology, machine learning and artificial intelligence have further reduced job opportunities for young graduates, including those in agriculture. Research purpose: This study explores industry perceptions of employability skills required for agricultural graduates in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) era in South Africa. Motivation for the study: The 4IR era is transforming the agricultural sector, requiring graduates to develop skills that align with technological advancements. Understanding employer expectations can help higher education institutions adapt curricula to meet workforce demands. Research approach/design and method: A mixed-method approach was used, combining qualitative and quantitative data. The study employed a cross-sectional research design, with semi-structured questionnaires administered to 150 employers in the Cape Winelands District, Western Cape. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were applied to examine employability determinants, while thematic analysis was used for qualitative insights. Main findings: Graduate employability is strongly linked to gender, multilingual abilities, academic performance, and soft and hard skills. Employers emphasised the importance of practical experience, communication and digital proficiency in modern agricultural techniques. Practical/managerial implications: The misalignment between industry needs and academic curricula contributes to graduate unemployment. Strengthening collaborations between universities and employers can bridge this gap, offering students hands-on experience and job opportunities to improve employability. Contribution/value-add: This study highlights the importance of industry participation in curriculum development, ensuring agricultural graduates acquire essential skills for success in the evolving 4IR-driven sector.