Optimal Dispatch of a Standalone Microgrid Integrated with Electric Vehicles Considering the Stepped Carbon Trading Mechanism

This study seeks to minimize carbon emissions in microgrids while improving the integration and utilization of renewable energy sources and fully leverage the dispatchable potential of electric vehicles (EVs). A novel optimal dispatch model for microgrids incorporating EVs, considering a stepped carbon trading mechanism, is proposed. Initially, a mathematical model of an independent microgrid system with EVs was established. Subsequently, a stepped carbon trading mechanism for microgrids is introduced, and an optimal dispatch model for microgrids with EVs is formulated based on this mechanism. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is rigorously validated through a detailed case study of an independent microgrid, demonstrating its capability to optimize performance under various operational scenarios. By applying the model to the specific conditions of this microgrid, key metrics such as energy efficiency, load management, and cost reduction are thoroughly assessed, providing strong evidence of the model's practical applicability and robustness in real-world settings. The findings suggest that the approach proposed in this study effectively harnesses the dispatch capabilities of electric vehicles (EVs), lowers carbon emissions within the system, enhances the utilization of renewable energy in microgrids, and enables optimal operation of standalone microgrids within a low-carbon framework.