An Intelligent Multi‐Band Camouflage Textile Inspired by Natural Leaves

Abstract An ideal optical camouflage technology requires the ability to simultaneously counter visible light, hyperspectral, and thermal infrared detection. However, developing intelligent camouflage materials with multi‐band and all‐time stealth capabilities remains a significant challenge. Inspired by the transpiration effect and spectral characteristics of plant leaves, in this work, a biomimetic multilayer fiber fabric is developed via electrospinning technology, which successfully replicated the visible‐light, hyperspectral, and thermal infrared detectability properties exhibited by natural leaves. Specifically, incorporating a gradient porous structure in the multilayer fibers enabled the simulation of directional water transport and transpiration cooling effects observed in plants. This design achieved an evaporation rate of 0.84 kg m −2 h −1 while maintaining a maximum temperature difference within 1.01 °C compared with plants. Moreover, precise pigment formulations and multilayer fiber structures accurately mimicked the key spectral absorption and reflection mechanisms of natural leaves, effectively deceiving hyperspectral classification algorithms against leafy backgrounds by manipulating the visible and near‐infrared spectra curves. The composite fibers also exhibited reversible color changes, imitating the different growth stages of leaves. This nature‐inspired electrospun fiber design strategy enhanced the optical performance control of camouflage materials, offering a novel approach to achieving comprehensive multi‐band all‐time concealment within plant environments.