Recent Advances in Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Cyclization for the Construction of Atropisomers

Axially chiral structures have become increasingly common in modern materials and pharmaceuticals, especially as chiral ligands and organocatalysts, highlighting their growing significance. In the field of pharmaceutical research, there are several notable examples worth highlighting, such as the antibiotics vancomycin, Knipholone, and Mastigophorene A. Over the past decade, the availability of axially chiral compounds has significantly improved through advancements in existing strategies and the introduction of modern catalytic atroposelective synthesis concepts. These synthetic advancements not only broaden the scope of chemical reactions, but also facilitate the construction of axially chiral frameworks with high application value. Currently, various synthetic methods are available for achieving stereoselective synthesis of axially chiral compounds under catalyst control, including desymmetrization, (dynamic) kinetic resolution, cross-coupling reactions, and de novo ring-forming synthesis. This paper focuses on recent advances in constructing atropisomers through palladium-catalyzed asymmetric cyclization strategies.