Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Asymptomatic Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a global public health issue. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is the earliest diabetic cardiovascular complication. This study aims to determine the incidence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: A case control study was conducted in Azadi Teaching Hospital, Kirkuk, Iraq, over one year from February 1, 2023, to January 31, 2024. The study involved 102 patients with type 2 diabetes, which was compared to 102 age and sex matched controls. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was diagnosed according to the American Diabetes Association criteria. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was identified following the guidelines of the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging.Results: The incidence of diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients was (58.8%) distributed as follows: grade I diastolic dysfunction in (90%) and grade II (10%), and none of the patients had grade III. There was a significant association between diastolic dysfunction and type 2 diabetic patients (p<0.001); 58.8% of type 2 diabetic patients had diastolic dysfunction compared to 9.8% of controls. The risk factors for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients were increased age, obesity, long duration of disease, insulin treatment, retinopathy, albumin in urine, high HbA1c level, high blood urea, and low ejection fraction. Conclusion: The incidence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction among asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients is high.