Liquid palladium for high-turnover carbon-carbon bond formation

Carbon-carbon (C─C) bond formation is a key step in diverse chemical processes and requires high-performance catalysts to enable energy-efficient technologies. Here, we present liquid Pd catalysts, formed by dissolving Pd in liquid Ga, for high-turnover C─C coupling reactions. The liquid Pd catalyst achieved a turnover frequency of 2.5 × 10<sup>8</sup> hour<sup>-1</sup> for a model coupling reaction at 70°C, surpassing all reported Pd catalysts by 1000-fold. Our results show that Pd atoms in the Ga matrix are liquid-like, exhibiting unique electronic and interfacial properties that substantially lower the energy barrier and enhance reaction kinetics. The system retained full activity over five cycles and showed no Pd leaching, highlighting the transformative potential of liquid-phase metals to advance high-throughput and sustainable C─C bond-forming strategies.

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Publication Details

Journal
Science Advances
Published
2025-03-28
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adt9037
Citations
5
Primary Topic
Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
2.59
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article

Liquid palladium for high-turnover carbon-carbon bond formation

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Liquid palladium for high-turnover carbon-carbon bond formation

Junma Tang, Md. Arifur Rahim, Salvy P. Russo, Nieves Flores, Nastaran Meftahi, Pramod Koshy, Sarina Sarina, Kourosh Kalantar‐Zadeh, Andrew J. Christofferson, Francois‐Marie Allioux, Jianbo Tang, Mohammad B. Ghasemian, Ziqi Zhou, Md. Hasan Al Banna
article en
5 citations

Abstract

Carbon-carbon (C─C) bond formation is a key step in diverse chemical processes and requires high-performance catalysts to enable energy-efficient technologies. Here, we present liquid Pd catalysts, formed by dissolving Pd in liquid Ga, for high-turnover C─C coupling reactions. The liquid Pd catalyst achieved a turnover frequency of 2.5 × 10<sup>8</sup> hour<sup>-1</sup> for a model coupling reaction at 70°C, surpassing all reported Pd catalysts by 1000-fold. Our results show that Pd atoms in the Ga matrix are liquid-like, exhibiting unique electronic and interfacial properties that substantially lower the energy barrier and enhance reaction kinetics. The system retained full activity over five cycles and showed no Pd leaching, highlighting the transformative potential of liquid-phase metals to advance high-throughput and sustainable C─C bond-forming strategies.

Science AdvancesVol. 11(13)
The University of Sydney (AU), Westlake University (CN), UNSW Sydney (AU), Division of Materials Science and Engineering (AU), Monash University (AU), Swinburne University of Technology (AU), RMIT University (AU)
Responsible consumption and production
Openalex Percentile: Top 11%
Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
2.59
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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