Panelová analýza emisií CO2 v kontexte vzdelávania k dosahovaniu cieľov „Net Zero“

In the history of applied mathematics, it is possible to find many extraordinary ideas, based on which a lot of new discoveries are currently being made. A great example is panel analysis, first applied to astronomical data by Sir George Biddell Airy (1861). Currently panel analysis is often used in various fields of research in situations where it is necessary to use regression analysis on time series. One such area is the search for solutions for global decarbonisation. Within this, the so-called Net Zero goal is key. However, standard panel analysis method has a huge of prerequisites. If these prerequisites are not met, is necessary use more complex contemporary panel methods. The aim of this paper is to investigate the dependence of carbon dioxine (CO2) emissions on various factors, including some so-called smart city indicators. To achieve this objective standard panel models are used, along with more complex estimation techniques such as Common Correlated Effect Estimator (CCE) and Instrumental-Variable Estimation Panel Models with Common Factor (2SIV – two-stage IV approach). The article shows the advantages of using panel analysis on its own example with environmental data, with the possibility of using the obtained results in education for responsible ecological behavior.