The effect of D-galactose on inflammaging markers, appendicular muscle mass, fat-to-muscle ratio, and physical endurance to accelerate aging in mice

D-galactose-induced aging is an effective accelerated aging method, but the doses used in various reports have been shown to vary. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of varying doses of D-galactose on inflammaging markers (MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, and TGF-β), appendicular muscle mass, fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR), and physical endurance in mice. The sample population comprised 21 male mice aged 8 weeks (20–30 grams), which were divided into 3 groups (7 rats each). The control group (C) was monitored for 8 weeks, the T1 group received D-galactose at 100 mg/kg/day, and the T2 group was given D-galactose at 150 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. Measurements of MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β levels, appendicular muscle mass, FMR, and physical endurance were carried out at the end of week 8. The results showed that each treatment group showed a significant difference in MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, and TGF-β levels (p-value 0.05), while C and T2 had a significant variation (p-value