The effects of corporate sustainability, ownership structure and the COVID-19 crisis on firm export: evidence from Brazil

Purpose This study aims to examine the impact of corporate sustainability, ownership structure and the COVID-19 pandemic crisis on the exports of Brazilian listed firms. Additionally, it seeks to understand the export patterns of companies located in both coastal and non-coastal regions of Brazil. Design/methodology/approach The authors used linear regression using panel data and logistic regression with a sample of 563 non-financial Brazilian listed companies between 2010 and 2022. Findings The findings suggest that the adoption of sustainable practices, high shareholder concentration and state ownership tend to enhance the exports of Brazilian companies. In contrast, corporate sustainability reduces the likelihood of companies engaging in exports. Firms located in coastal regions experienced revenue growth but a decline in export propensity, whereas those in non-coastal areas faced revenue declines yet showed an increased tendency to export. The COVID-19 crisis negatively affected both the revenues and export propensity of Brazilian companies, regardless of their geographical location. Practical implications The authors contribute to the theories of internationalization, agency and stakeholder perspectives. Additionally, the authors provide managerial insights, emphasizing the importance of environmental practices and regional location in formulating export strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to examine the impact of corporate sustainability and ownership structure on Brazilian export activities during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the originality of this study.