Analysis of the Subjective Perception Types of Undergraduate Students majoring in Hospitality and Tourism Management on Foreign Students: Application of Q Methodology

Purpose: Although the proportion of foreign students in universities is increasing due to the recent decrease in the school-age population, there is a lack of research analyzing undergraduate students’ subjective perceptions of them. The purpose of this study is to identify the types of subjective perceptions of foreign students by students majoring in hospitality & tourism management and the characteristics of each type using the Q methodology. Methods: The Q sample consisting of 34 Q statements was derived through prior research and interviews with three students majoring in tourism management, and review by three professors majoring in tourism with extensive experience in Q method analysis. The P sample consisted of 46 students enrolled in the hospitality and tourism management at three universities. Q classification was conducted by factor analysis using the Ken-Q program. Results: Three types of cultural exchange-oriented (Type 1), learning avoidance with foreign students (Type 2), and customized class consideration for foreign students (Type 3) were derived. Type 1 recognized exchanges with foreign students as an opportunity to learn new things, and showed a preference for positive interactions. Type 2 avoided group activities with foreign students due to language barriers and reduced academic efficiency, and perceived it to have a negative impact on academic performance. Type 3 believed that customized learning support should be provided to foreign students, and felt that their prejudice was reduced through exchanges with foreign students. Conclusion: This study expanded the scope of research on foreign students and presented practical implications that schools and professors should consider in future cooperation between Korean and foreign students.