An In-Depth Analysis of the Seismic Performance Characteristics of Steel–Concrete Composite Structures

This review article provides an in-depth exploration of the recent advancements in the seismic analysis and design of steel–concrete composite structures, as reflected in the literature from the last ten years. It investigates key factors, such as material behavior, connection detailing, analytical modeling techniques, and design methodologies. The article highlights the synergistic benefits derived from the combination of steel and concrete components to improve seismic performance. Various composite systems, including composite beams, beam-columns, frames, shear walls, foundations, and beam–column joints, are analyzed through experimental studies to assess their dynamic response characteristics under extreme earthquake conditions. The article evaluates advanced numerical modeling methods, including finite element analysis and fiber-based models, for their capability to predict the nonlinear behavior of composite buildings and bridges. A comparative analysis of modern seismic isolation and energy dissipation techniques is also included. Furthermore, the optimization of composite structures in seismically active regions is discussed. The article concludes by identifying areas where additional research is necessary to enhance the seismic resilience of steel–concrete composite structures.