FORMATION OF THE WATER FACADE OF SETTLEMENTS MOUTH OF THE VOLKHOV RIVER IN THE LENINGRAD REGION

In recent decades, more and more attention has been paid to the preservation of historical heritage and the development of the tourism potential of small towns and settlements in Russia. Small towns and settlements on the Volkhov River in the Leningrad Region are significant cultural heritage sites with high cultural and tourism potential. The article considers the features of formation of water facades within the boundaries of settlements located along the coastline of the Volkhov River mouth: Novaya Ladoga, Glyadkovo village, Nemyatovo village - 1, Nemyatovo village - 2, Berezye village, Yushkovo village, Rechnikov settlement, Issad village. In the course of the study, a retrospective and landscape-visual analysis of the territory was carried out. Historical vertical and horizontal dominants, lost objects that are valuable city-forming elements of the water facade of settlements, compositional and species connections and panoramas were identified. The composition and silhouette of the buildings, visibility pools were analyzed. The following principles of formation of the water facade of historical settlements are proposed: 1) preservation and replenishment of visual horizontal and high-rise dominants; 2) maintaining a balance in the relationship between built-up areas and open green spaces; 3) permeability of the development front, formation of a system of green pedestrian streets, boulevards, squares, promenades; 4) formation of a characteristic silhouette of the settlement; 5) regulation of the height of development depending on the type of settlement; 6) preservation of compositional axes and connections. Recommendations have been developed for the formation of the water facade of settlements at the mouth of the Volkhov River in the Leningrad Region for the purpose of developing tourist and recreational areas.