HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF MODERN SCIENTIFIC PROBLEMS OF GEOGRAPHY

The article examines the issue of the formation of geography as a science, examines the stages it went through in its development. Today, it is important to find out what kind of research geographical science is doing today. A large number of questions in geography are related to determining the place of geography in the classification of sciences and revealing the logic of its internal division. In geographical science, there is a complex of problems that have not yet been fully explored. The research examines philosophical questions of geography that relate to the methodology of geographic science, the dialectics of the development of geographic systems, and systemic organization in the world. Today, geography looks like a complex of Earth sciences, therefore geographical science studies not only its object – the geographical form of the movement of matter, but also the entire system of connections of its object with objects of related sciences. The dialectical connection of matter and movement, space and time is the basis of a systematic vision of objective reality. The main task of modern geography is to study the laws and regularities of placement and interaction of the components of the geographical environment and their combinations at different levels. Quite important are questions related to the problem of the relationship between society and nature, natural and social laws: how are the laws of nature and society related; whether nature enters society or society enters nature; are the concepts of "geographic environment", "biosphere" and "environment" identical, what is the geographical environment and what is its role in the life of society. The complexity of the object of research and the breadth of the subject of study led to the differentiation of a single modern geography into a number of specialized scientific disciplines that form the system of geographical sciences.