Thermal and Biomechanical Responses of Amateur, Elite and World Cup Athletes During a World Cup Sprint Triathlon in the Heat
Different athlete categories displayed comparable peak T<sub>CORE</sub> responses. Amateur triathletes tolerated T<sub>CORE</sub> > 40.0 °C without heat illness symptoms. T<sub>CORE</sub> may rise > 41 °C during a sprint triathlon held under Blue flag conditions (~ 26 °C WBGT), questioning the suitability of sprint-distance triathlons as a safer alternative to Olympic-distance triathlons under Red/Black flag conditions (> 30.1 °C WBGT).
Authors
- K. K. Lo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8357-2860)
- Samuel Chalmers (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1901-6910)
- Yannis Paul Pitsiladis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6210-2449)
- Carl James (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2099-5343)
- Wing‐Kai Lam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8692-2206)
- Jiao Jiao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2705-6157)
- Borja Muñiz-Pardos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9191-9033)
- Kenneth S. Wu
- Sergio Migliorini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0735-7139)
- Fergus Guppy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8526-9169)
- Mohammed Ihsan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5592-6888)
- Ke Hu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6547-6260)
- Sébastien Racinais (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0348-4744)
- Konstantinos Angeloudis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2417-6612)
- Kelvin C. Wong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9477-7192)
- Teng Yi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7594-8759)
- Dani Peña Iglesias
Institutions
- International Olympic Committee (CH)
- Hong Kong Baptist University (HK)
- University of South Australia (AU)
- Université de Montpellier (FR)
- Universidad de Zaragoza (ES)
- Heriot-Watt University (GB)
- Guangdong University of Education (CN)
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (FR)
- Marine Ecology and Telemetry Research (US)
- Hong Kong Footwear Federation (CN)
- Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme (FR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Sports Medicine
- Published
- 2025-03-27
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02193-7
- Citations
- 4
- Primary Topic
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 4.66
Funders
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- International Olympic Committee