Analysis of long-term trends and 15-year predictions of smoking-related bladder cancer burden in china across different age and sex groups from 1990 to 2021

Over the past three decades, the number of deaths and DALYs due to smoking-related bladder cancer in China has significantly increased across different sexs and age groups, while ASMR and ASDR have shown a declining trend, reflecting certain public health progress. This trend is especially evident among males and is primarily driven by population aging and demographic effects. The inequality among countries of different income levels has slightly increased. The burden of smoking-related bladder cancer in China is projected to continue declining by 2036, particularly among males. Therefore, precise prevention and intervention strategies targeting different sexs and age groups are essential to further alleviate the public health burden of smoking-related bladder cancer.