Cyclocondensation of Aniline, Dimedone, and Ninhydrin Using Zirconium-Schiff Base Anchored to Silica-Coated with Copper Ferrite as a Novel Nanocatalyst Under Benign Condition

This study seeks to demonstrate an environmentally friendly approach to synthesizing indenoindolone compounds. Ninhydrin, aniline, and dimedone were combined in a single step using water and ethanol as solvents, offering more environmentally friendly methods. Copper ferrite nanoparticles were used to help with the reaction as a catalyst. Zirconium chloride was stabilized on a Schiff base and placed on the surface of silica-covered copper ferrite magnetic nanoparticles. This was made and used as a reusable acid catalyst to obtain a high yield of product quickly. The structure of the nanocatalyst was checked using several methods such as FT-IR, ATR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, VSM, and TGA. The structure of the organic products was looked at by measuring their melting point and using FT-IR, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR tests.