Pharmacological Potential and Bioactive Components of Wild Anatolian Sage ( <scp> <i>Salvia aethiopis</i> </scp> L.)

<i>Salvia aethiopis</i> L., a member of the Lamiaceae family, has gained attention due to its bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic applications. This study investigated the chemical composition and biological activities of <i>S. aethiopis</i> ethanol extract collected from Karaman province, Türkiye. The phenolic profile of the plant was characterized using LC-MS/MS analysis, which revealed substantial amounts of rosmarinic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungal strains, using the agar well diffusion method. The results demonstrated potent antibacterial effects, particularly against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Micrococcus luteus</i>, and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>. Furthermore, the cytotoxic potential of <i>S. aethiopis</i> was assessed on H-460 non-small cell lung cancer cells. The extract exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, with a significant reduction in cell viability after 24 and 48 h of treatment, yielding IC₅₀ values of 80.08 and 56.19 μg/mL, respectively. These findings suggest that <i>S. aethiopis</i> possesses promising antimicrobial and anticancer properties, which could contribute to the development of novel therapeutic agents.