Analysis of the Factors of Spatial Placement of Logistics Facilities

Introduction. The topic of the study is relevant because it examines key aspects of society and the economy, the understanding of which helps to make informed decisions about the location of logistics facilities and contributes to the development of an effective and sustainable logistics system. The aim of the paper is to examine the spatial distribution of logistics facilities, to identify the factors that influence their location and to present the methodological foundations that determine such a distribution. Materials and Methods. The research analyzed scientific publications on the subject under consideration, as well as took into account the practical experience of carrying out research work carried out within the framework of the state assignment. Spatial analysis methods such as buffering, network analysis and suitability modeling were used in the work to assess the availability, interconnectedness and reasonableness of the location of logistics facilities. The use of GIS systems in the course of the study helped to analyze the development of the logistics infrastructure. The main element of the study was the aggregation of data on logistics facilities, which contributed to an empirical understanding of the characteristics, functions and spatial distribution of the infrastructure. Results. The key factors influencing the location of logistics facilities are identified: economic, infrastructure, market access, political, environmental and technological. The role of geographical realities and economic conditions in the formation of logistics infrastructure is determined. The effectiveness of using geo-information systems for spatial analysis of logistics facilities has been demonstrated. A methodological approach to the selection of the optimal location of logistics facilities has been developed. Discussion and Conclusion. The spatial distribution of logistics facilities is influenced by the interaction between geographical realities, economic factors and technological advances. Each factor should be critically analyzed when developing supply chain management strategies. Modern supply chains must adapt to these variables ‒ looking for optimal locations that combine costs with service requirements, while using technological innovations to maintain competitive advantages. With the rapid development of technology, the distribution schemes of logistics facilities are also changing. The article will be useful to logistics professionals, spatial planners, economists and government agencies involved in infrastructure development.