Experimental and theoretical analysis of mechanical properties of composite materials with diverse reinforcement types

Purpose This paper aims to perform theoretical and experimental analysis to modify the mechanical properties of the composite materials reinforced with powders and short fibers using different volume fractions and resins. Design/methodology/approach The experimental work involved manufacturing composite laminates and testing the prepared samples under tension to obtain their mechanical properties. The theoretical work involves the calculation of the modulus of elasticity for comparison purposes. This work estimated the modulus of elasticity for short fibers (glass, carbon high-strength, boron) as reinforcements and its properties are evaluated. They were used as powders and discontinuous fibers with different resins, epoxy, polyester, nylon and polyester (PL) matrices. As a result of their balance between performance, cost and processing advantages, short fibers are an effective reinforcement for composite materials, particularly in applications where performance is required but cost or processing constraints are present. Among their key advantages are improved mechanical properties, easy manufacturing techniques, strength, damping capacity, toughness and design flexibility. Findings The results demonstrated a strong agreement between the experimental and theoretical findings, with a maximum difference of no more than 11.6%. The mechanical properties showed that the powder types have an insignificant effect on the mechanical properties of composite materials while the reinforcement types have shown a significant effect. Practical implications The benefits that fiber matrix composites offer in terms of performance, affordability and structural efficiency are driving their expanding use in aerospace, marine and many other industries. Originality/value The results demonstrated that short fiber reinforcement significantly enhanced the composite’s modulus of elasticity and strength by over 50%. The type of short fibers used had a greater impact on these improvements compared to other types of reinforcement fibers.