Ultrafast synthesis of L-His-Fe3O4 nanozymes with enhanced peroxidase-like activity for effective antibacterial applications

<b>Background:</b> Bacterial resistance remains a significant challenge, necessitating the development of new antibacterial strategies. This study introduces a rapidly synthesized L-histidine- Fe₃O₄ (L-His-Fe₃O₄) nanozyme with enhanced peroxidase (POD)-like activity, designed to improve antibacterial efficacy and accelerate the healing of bacteria-infected wounds. <b>Methods:</b> We successfully synthesized L-His-Fe₃O₄ using an ultrafast, room-temperature synthesis method, and observed its anti-infection effect and explored its anti-infection mechanism through <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial experiments. <b>Results:</b> We produced L-His-Fe₃O₄ cost-effectively while preserving L-His, which was essential for its catalytic and antibacterial functions. The resulting nanozyme demonstrated exceptional antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (<i>S. aureus</i>) and Gram-negative (<i>E. coli</i>) bacteria. <i>In vivo</i> experiments revealed that L-His-Fe₃O₄ outperformed vancomycin in reducing bacterial viability and effectively promoting wound healing, all while maintaining excellent biosafety with no adverse effects on blood or liver functions. <b>Discussion:</b> These findings highlight the potential of L-His-Fe₃O₄ for large-scale production and practical use in treating bacterial infections, offering a promising approach to combating antibiotic-resistant pathogens.