Modeling the management of organizational projects in the field of environmental sustainability: Methodological approaches and comparative analysis of the experience of Iran and Turkey

Aim. The work aimed to assess the management effectiveness of organizational projects in the field of environmental sustainability in Iran and Turkey, as well as to develop methodological approaches that combine policy mechanisms, financial incentives, and public participation to optimize the implementation of sustainable development initiatives. Objectives. The work seeks to identify the key indicators of sustainable development; conduct a comparative analysis of national strategies; and characterize the use of structural modeling (SEM) to assess the effectiveness of policies. Methods. The work employed structural modeling (SEM), comparative and correlation analysis, as well as statistical data processing. The information was collected from government reports, international environmental organizations and expert surveys. The analysis was performed using the SPSS and AMOS software packages to model the interdependencies between sustainable development factors. Results. The analysis performed in the course of the study enables to conclude that Turkey demonstrates a more structured and proactive approach to sustainable development, especially in the field of implementation of renewable energy sources and digital management technologies. However, Iran faces challenges due to limited financial support and disadvantages in enforcement practices. The SEM analysis confirms the importance of an integrated sustainable development model and reveals that successful outcomes depend on a balanced combination of policy regulation, financial mechanisms, and public participation strategies. Conclusions. Strengthening regulatory frameworks, integrating digital technologies into environmental management, and expanding alternative financing mechanisms such as green bonds are required to improve the effectiveness of sustainable development projects in Iran and Turkey. Achieving long-term environmental balance will be possible through the transition to an ecosystem approach and greater private sector participation in sustainable development initiatives.