Impact of Advanced Driving Assistance Warnings Under Distracted and Time Constraint Conditions on Motorized Two-Wheeler Rider Performance

This study considered the speed hump as a spring, inducing psychological pressure on the rider to regulate their speed. The experiments were conducted on a motorized two-wheeler simulator in a randomized order in four situations: 1) normal, 2) distraction, 3) time pressure, and 4) distraction under time pressure. Naturalistic riding data was also collected to validate the results in normal riding conditions. First, seven latent classes were developed to understand the variation in speed of the rider along the road stretch as the rider approached or departed away from the speed hump. Further, using the spring-mass block theory, the riders' speed was considered to be the combination of constant base speed and varying simple harmonic motion speed. The spring-mass block theory was validated by developing univariate Bayesian regression models. Finally, the impact of inadequate marking and driving assistance systems such as advanced warning, individual vehicle attributes, lifestyle, and road crash history on the speed profile has been quantified using linear mixed effect models. Furthermore, the speed profile equations were validated using field data. The results revealed that unmarked speed humps were less detectable as the riders responded seven meters late to inadequately visible speed humps compared to marked speed humps. The advanced warning helped in smoothening the speed profile of the rider, which is crucial in avoiding crashes due to the speed hump. Overall, this study can further help in improving the adaptability of the advanced driver assistance systems and evidence-based policy making of speed hump placement to minimize road crashes.