Colic Cancers in Occlusion Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects in Emergency at the Treichville University Hospital

Aim: To report diagnostic aspects and the emergency therapeutic modalities of occlusive colon cancers. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study carried out from January 2018 to December 2024 (07 years) in the Department of Digestive and Proctological Surgery at the University Teaching Hospital of Treichville. patients who went through surgery for obstructive histologically confirmed colon cancer were enrolled in the study. The following patients’ characteristic were analysed: age, sex, history, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic data, and evolution. Results: The average age of the 22 patients (13 men and 9 women) in the study was 53 years ± 15 years. Three patients had a history of cancer. Five patients were followed up for colon cancer. The clinical feature was mostly a progressive onset of occlusion occurring on an average of 21.6 days. Abdominal CT scan (19/22) revealed an occlusive colon tumor, mainly developed in the sigmoid (n=5). At laparotomy, tumors were located in 59.1% (n=13) in the left colon, frequently in the sigmoid (n=9), and in 40.9% (n=9) in the right colon. In one case, diastatic perforation of the transverse and caecuna was associated with a sigmoid tumor. Tumor excision was performed in 90.9% (n=20). A diverting colostomy was performed in 09.1% (n=2). Immediate resection-anastomosis was performed in 10 cases and resection-stomy in 10 cases. Histology revealed adenocarcinoma. Morbidity represented 11 cases (50%). There were 6 deaths (27.3%). Conclusion: Colon obstruction is a frequent but revealing complication of colon cancers. Colectomy with immediate or secondary anastomosis remains the treatment of choice in emergencies.