Eco-friendly synthesis of Cr₂O₃ nanoparticles with antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities

Abstract Metal nanoparticles synthesized by the green method show remarkably different properties from bulk materials due to their size, especially in biological applications. The study’s objective is to lessen the adverse effects of synthesis processes, the chemicals they use, and the derivative substances that come from them. One practical approach in green nanotechnology is the use of various biomaterials for the synthesis of nanoparticles. In the present study, chromium nanoparticles were fabricated using Fagonia indica (LEFI) leaf extract as a reducing agent. This technique produced 46 nm-sized nanoparticles that are not only highly stable but also hold promise for a range of applications. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. An alpha-amylase assay was used to determine the antidiabetic potential of the nanoparticles. The antioxidant activity of plant extract and chromium nanoparticles was evaluated using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. The agar diffusion method was used to test how well chromium nanoparticles killed Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . The study’s findings indicate that Cr 2 O 3 nanoparticles have potential as physiologically active agents for bio-medicinal uses, providing reassurance for their future use.