Community involvement and engagement in designing a social-media based educational intervention for oral and sexual health promotion in transgender women in Malaysia: a narrative summary

Patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) in health care research has been advocated to ensure that the research is relevant, acceptable and beneficial to the communities that it serves. However, there remains a significant gap in research projects incorporating PPIE among the transgender communities, particularly from the global South. In this narrative summary the authors describe the methodology of PPIE through a novel collaboration with community members for the design and development of a bilingual and culturally sensitive educational intervention that was tailor made for transgender women in Malaysia. The educational intervention named Ms Radiance was aimed at creating oral health awareness, improving oral health care utilization and promoting safe oral sex practices among transgender women. The PPIE team included local transgender community advocates and artists who played a pivotal role in making the educational content accessible, engaging and suitable for delivery through a popular social media platform, Instagram^®. PPIE enhanced the intervention's relevance and effectiveness through community friendly, culturally appropriate content creation, delivery and trust-building. Instructional designs such as the ADDIE (analyse, design, develop, implement and evaluate) ensure that educational interventions are well-planned and effective. A structed PPIE approach in the research project was seamlessly integrated with the ADDIE instructional design that guided the effective planning and delivery of oral health and sexual health education The research highlights the impact of PPIE on the project and offers insights for future interventions in marginalized communities from the global South.