The Identity and Future Prospects of Applied Buddhist Studies in the Age of Science and Technology: A Perspective from South Korea

As 21st-century science and technology drive societal change, the role of applied Buddhist studies in engaging with society and exploring practical solutions has become increasingly important. Applied Buddhist studies is an academic discipline that interprets various fields through the lens of Buddhist thought and worldview while proposing practical alternatives. Although the term “applied Buddhism” is relatively recent, Buddhism has historically adapted to different contexts, evolving in response to regional and temporal shifts. The transformation from early Buddhism to sectarian Buddhism, the emergence of Mahayana and Zen traditions, and Buddhism's integration into diverse cultural settings illustrate its continuous adaptation. The application of Buddhism is not merely an option but an inherent doctrinal necessity. Therefore, assessing the direction and practical implementation of applied Buddhism in modern society is crucial for shaping its future. Today, the rapid advancement of science and technology—manifesting in climate crises, artificial intelligence, and biological weapons—has ushered human civilization into a new era. To guide scientific and technological progress toward the public good, a fundamental understanding of science and an interdisciplinary approach are essential. In South Korea, applied Buddhist studies has primarily focused on integration with the social sciences, with relatively limited engagement with the natural sciences. Science and technology offer critical tools for connecting natural sciences with Buddhist thought, enabling solutions to contemporary societal challenges. For applied Buddhist studies to establish itself as a profound and specialized discipline, it must foster interdisciplinary research that integrates Buddhism and natural sciences. This approach should extend beyond the present to provide universal values and life models that address future societal needs. To achieve this, long-term planning, sustained investment, and interdisciplinary collaboration are necessary. Through such efforts, applied Buddhist studies can transcend the framework of traditional Buddhist scholarship and evolve into a significant academic discipline that aligns with the age of scientific civilization.