Sinonasal primary squamous cell carcinoma: A case report to illustrate key diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in managing sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma

Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) is a rare malignancy that affects the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, representing only 3 % of nasopharyngeal malignancies. It predominantly affects the maxillary sinus, with less frequent involvement of the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. SNSCC typically presents with nonspecific symptoms such as epistaxis, pain, and signs of ulceration, often leading to a delayed diagnosis. Due to its late presentation, aggressive nature, and potential for recurrence, SNSCC presents significant challenges in diagnosis and management. A representative clinical case is described to emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach regarding the diagnosis and treatment in managing SNSCC. • SNSCC is a rare and aggressive malignancy affecting the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, with the maxillary sinus being the most commonly involved site. • Delayed diagnosis of SNSCC is common due to its nonspecific symptoms such as epistaxis, pain, and ulceration. • Early intervention is crucial to reduce recurrence and improve patient outcomes in managing SNSCC. • This case report provides clinical insights into the diagnostic challenges and treatment strategies for SNSCC.