Serum level of TNF-a, IL-1 and IL-6 and serum biomarkers after nutritional change in patients' ventilator-associated pneumonia

High-protein nutritional support combined with probiotics can significantly raise the nutritional conditions of critically ill patients and effectively prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia. This intervention enhanced key biochemical markers, such as serum albumin, prealbumin, and the albumin/total protein ratio, all of which are important indicators of nutritional status. The improvement in these markers suggests that HPNS supports tissue repair and immune function, which are crucial for recovery in ICU patients. Additionally, the combination of HPNS and probiotics reduced serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-1, IL-6), which are commonly elevated in critically ill patients and contribute to developing infections like VAP By regulating the inflammatory response, this intervention may help reduce the risk of infection and promote faster recovery. The results of this study highlight the potential clinical value of HPNS combined with probiotics for improving the management of critically ill patients in ICU settings.