Immunophenotyping in Acute Leukemia at a Central Laboratory Installation RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang 2020 to 2022: A Descriptive Study

Leukemia is a malignant disease of blood cells originating from the bone marrow, characterized by irregular and uncontrolled proliferation of leukocytes with the manifestation of abnormal cells in the peripheral blood. Flow cytometry is the method of choice for determining the immunophenotype characteristics of hematological malignancy in terms of diagnosis, monitoring minimal residual disease, during and after therapy. The increase in the number of uses of this method is due to its relative simplicity, high sensitivity and specificity, and short examination time. This study is a descriptive study at the Central Laboratory Installation of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang by looking at examination data from 427 patients suspected of acute leukemia who were examined for flow cytometry immunophenotyping with the Flow cytometer BD Fasc Lyrics for the period January 2020 to December 2022. From a total of 427 samples of acute leukemia suspect, 364 (85.2%) cases of acute leukemia and 63 (14.8%) cases of non-conclusive were obtained. Of the 364 cases of leukemia, 113 cases (31%) were Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), 210 cases (57.7%) were Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia type B (B-ALL), 34 cases (9.3%) were Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia type T (T-ALL), and 7 cases (2%) were Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia (MPAL). As a maturity determinant, CD34 most commonly appears in B-ALL (87.6%) while HLA-DR is most expressed by AML (23.9%). The most common antigens appeared in AML, B-ALL and T-ALL in the form of CD117 (30.1%), CD19 along with CD79a (100%), and CD7 (100%). Immunophenotyping is a tool that is able to diagnose and classify acute leukemia, AML, ALL, and MPAL. Key words: Acute Leukemia, Immunophenotyping, flowcytometry