Development of an Intelligent Model for Voltage Stability Assessment and Enhancement of Nigeria 330 kV System with High Penetration of Solar-Wind System

In recent decades, voltage instability has become an important contributor to large-scale power outages globally. Periodic voltage security assessments are key for the secure operation of power systems. There are various indicators which have been implemented in different types and complexity of systems to provide a measure of closeness to voltage collapse, but some of these algorithms may require advanced computational resources or may not perform well, depending on the prevailing conditions. Expanding interconnected power systems is needed like never before due to the increasing world demand for electricity, and voltage stability is therefore a worth consideration. The growing demand penetration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems has some potential stability challenges due to their intermittent characteristics. Existing research evaluates the test systems of voltage stability and does not optimize using Intelligent models, which have variable power generation from Solar PV and Wind, as well as uncertainties in load demand and the initial step considering the evaluation of the model have to cover either inputs. A feed–forward back propagation artificial neural network (ANN) for voltage stability assessment to classify the operating scenario of a power system into one of two states, i.e. safe or unsafe. Neural network input data is generated from load flow analysis using Newton-Raphson (NR), and stability indices are computed over different scenarios. Line Stability Index (Lmn), counts the stability of a transmission line in power systems and provides an indication of its potential voltage collapse. The Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI), which also estimates line stability through reactive power and impedance characteristics. Voltage Collapse Proximity Index (VCPI) assesses system proximity to voltage collapse and identifies weak transmission lines. Values approaching 1 suggest voltage collapse conditions. The FVSI, VCPI, and Lmn are compared to a baseline NR stability index. Moreover, self-organizing map (SOM) neural network is used for stability results classification. Multi-objective grasshopper optimization algorithm (MOGOA) has been employed as an optimization network on the dual axis solar PV and wind turbine-based hybrid power generation system to analyze technical, economic, as well as environmental relations of energy conversion. The findings reveal that the adapted grid-tied solar-wind composite power system substantially mitigates the power deficiencies, reduces the real-power outages, diminishes the motion voltage small amendments, maximizes voltage prosperity, and improves power system resilience. The main findings show a significant reduction in real power loss, which went from 289,391.30 kW to only 5.43 kW, and a remarkable decrease in voltage deviation, which reduced from 0.56 p.u to 0.0493 p.u. Ensures Improved Service Quality and Enhanced Equipment Protection While gas generation costs increased by a small amount, it is important to note that this is an acceptable trade-off for a more robust and sustainable system, with costs per kWh of $0.142 vs $0.2881 per kWh, respectively. In addition, stability index was substantially decreased from 0.7666 to 0.0768, indicating better grid and resilience to disturbances. Findings emphasize the contribution of embedding MOGOA in conjunction with machine learning models including ANN and Self Organizing Maps (SOM) to fulfill the primal requisites of stability, efficiency and sustainability in modernized power systems, illustrating a coupled advancement in the realm of power systems engineering and optimization.